Ecotourism in Kenya Essay

Kenya is a landlocked country in the continent of South Africa. It is surrounded by five countries. Kenya is a popular destination for tourists travelling to Africa as it offers tourists camel safaris, trekking, game fishing, white water rafting, ballooning, diving, wind surfing and donkey safaris. The major ecotourist attraction in Africa is one of the 40 national parks in Kenya that offer an insight into the lives of animals and their habitat. Unfortunately, 70% of national parks and game reserves are on pastoral lands, particularly Masai land. Ecotourism is a major contributor to Kenya’s economy. There are 55 000 people employed in the wildlife industry alone. And the wildlife market generates half of the country’s foreign exchange earnings. Therefore, the wildlife market is the biggest contributor to Kenya’s foreign economy. Ecotourism has had both positive and negative impacts on the wildlife environment, people and economy of Kenya. The economy, the livelihood of the people, and the maintenance of the ecosystem have had positive impacts on Kenya. Kenya’s foreign exchange earnings are from tourism and 80% of the tourist market is drawn from wildlife. Also, the Masai herders who inhabit bush land north of Mt Kenya have allocated 8 765 hectares of their land, (which teems with elephants, zebras, giraffes, wild cats) for wildlife conservations. The revenue from tourist lodge tours then go back to the community which is used for children scholarships, maintenance, development and general income. Therefore, the above have had a sustainable impact on tourism. Ecotourism also promotes sustainability of the wildlife. In Kenya, a living elephant is worth around $14 375 for every year of its life whilst the ivory from an elephant is worth about $1000. Each elephants herd earns as much as $610 000 each year. This promotes the maintenance of the elephants, minimises poaching and ensures protection of wildlife as well as livelihood for the people. Another area, the Serengeti Plains, is famous for the migration of wildlife. The national park attracts large numbers of tourists, who are attracted to the large migration of wilder beasts, cats and zebras. This experience encourages travel to the area and highlights an appreciation  for the ecosystem. In all these encounters, education is a characteristic of the various tours. There have also been some negative impacts that have affected the environment, the indigenous population and tourists. Some of these include pollution, habitat destruction, littering and armed banditry. An example of this is the indigenous people of Masai Mara. The Masai Mara tribe have lived in harmony with the animals for over four centuries. However, when the game parks were created they were forced to move without compensation. Revenue from this park have not flowed proportionality to the tribes. These negative effects have created a lot of conflict for the Masai Mara tribe. As documented above, ecotourism is vital for the economy, lifestyle and on going maintenance of wildlife in Kenya. What is required is a balanced approach to sustainability of ecotourism. Ecotourism in Kenya and in any location of the world should have minimum impact on the indigenous culture, a steady income stream and reduction on land degradation and wildlife destruction. The revenue of tourism should support the lives of the grass root people and enable them to have suitable standards of living. This will encourage their commitments to programs as they will see the benefits of their co-operation. The specific initiatives that should be looked at include an increase in tour prices during peak season as it will generate an even flow of tourists each year. Non-motorised vehicles, such as microlight flights and hot air balloons should be used for tourists to explore the wildlife as they create no pollution. Also, the management of parks need to be cared for by promoting campaigns and raising awareness to all tourists about the effects of littering and pollution of the fragile ecosystem. Kenya needs sustainable ecotourism for its survival on the economy. Kenya needs to develop strategies that will have minimal effects on social, cultural and the ecological environment. If the initiatives above are followed, it will ensure that the future generation of the world will still be able to enjoy one of the last undisturbed natural environments.

Tda 2.2 3.1-3.3

T. D. A 2. 2 Safeguarding the welfare of children and young people 3. 1 *identify the characteristics of different types of child abuse Abuse, harm or bullying of children and young people can take many forms. Sometimes more than one form of abuse is experienced at the same time for example a child may be physically abused as well as neglected. Shown below is a table with examples and characteristics of abuse – FORM OF ABUSE |CHARACTERISTICS |SIGNS | |PHYSICAL |*hitting/kicking/throwing |*bruises/burns | | |*beaten with objects |*not wanting to get changed for P. E | | |*being burnt or scolded |*heavy clothing or wearing lots of layers | | | |(to hide marks) | |SEXUAL |*viewing porn |*self-harm | | |*touching private parts |*personality changes | | |*acts of penetration |*inappropriate sexual behaviours | | | |*medical problems (urine infection) | |EMOTIONAL |*undervalued/bullied |*becoming withdrawn | | |*shouting |*under-confident | | |*negative criticism |*nervous behaviour | | |*showing no affection | | |NEGLECT |*not providing- |*tiredness | |warmth |*hungry | | |adequate food |*frequent illness | | |medical care |*not growing or gaining weight | | |education | | T. D. A 2. 2 Safeguarding the welfare of children and young people 3. 2 *describe the risks and possible consequences for children and young people using the internet, mobile phones and other technologies There are many risks that children and young people may be exposed to whilst using modern technology. The internet can also be accessed through mobile phones as well these days so it is made easier to receive more messages and images. Risks when using the internet – giving out personal information (at risk from building ‘friendships’ with other children who turn out to be adults (grooming) *accessing inappropriate info (often accidentally when innocent words are entered into search engine) *taking or receiving photos over the internet which could lead to them being exploited by another person or adult Risks from text messaging – *unwelcome texts that are threatening or cause discomfort *images sent to make the victim feel embarrassed or threatened Risks from mobile phone calls – *silent/abusive calls *stealing the victim phone and using it to harass others to make them believe that the victim is responsible Risks from E-Mails – threatening or bullying E-mails *bullying or name calling through websites/social networks T. D. A 2. 2 Safeguarding the welfare of children and young people 3. 3 *describe actions to take i n response to evidence of concerns that a child or young person has been abused, harmed (including self-harm) or bullied, or may be at risk of harm, abuse or bullying It is Paramount for anyone working with children or young people to understand how to respond to evidence of abuse and to understand safeguarding procedures. The very first thing to do is to raise your concerns with another member of staff. In most cases this should be your supervisor or manager. Children who are being abused are usually quite anxious children so it may be difficult for them to talk to anyone about it. When a child tells you or suggests that he/she has been harmed this is called a disclosure. It can be quite upsetting to hear a child speaking about it but it is important to take the following actions – †¢ listen and do not show any shock or disbelief †¢ do not ask any questions (e. g. ‘where did he touch you’) †¢ accept what the child is saying and don’t interrupt or rush them †¢ reassure them and tell them they have done the right thing in speaking to you †¢ NEVER promise to keep what they have said a secret †¢ Follow work procedures T. D. A 2. Safeguarding the welfare of children and young people 3. 4 *Describe the actions to take in response to concerns that a colleague may be: – failing to comply with safeguarding procedures – harming, abusing, or bullying a child or young person If yo u feel that a colleague is abusing, bullying a child or failing to comply with safeguarding procedures then you should take the same guidelines as if it was a family member or stranger. It is very important to give the information quickly to your manager or head teacher. It can be a difficult situation as you have to work with the person and you may even like them but your first concern is for the child. You should never discuss with everyone about it but at the same time it is important for you to get some support from someone as well. T. D. A 2. 2 Safeguarding the welfare of children and young people 3. 5 * Describe the principles and boundaries of confidentiality, and when to share information. In any school setting confidentiality is very important. You may have been told private information about a particular child as you may need to know this as it may effect the way you work with a child. This should never be disclosed with other parents or be a discussion with colleagues. As a T. A or support staff, parents may speak to you concerning their own child. You must let them know that you will be discussing it with your supervisor. You do not need permission from the parent to share this with your senior if you have good reason to feel the child is at risk. Do not share with everyone and only speak to the appropriate people (manager, supervisor, headteacher) they can follow up and take action. It is important also that information is shared between the correct professionals and agencies. Over the years there have been many failings in serious child abuse cases – e. g. Victoria Climbie, Baby P, The west family – Where failings by services and agencies have been found to fail in the reports into these children’s deaths. These findings highlighted the importance of sharing information early. There are protocols in every school which need to be followed.

A Filipino Dish Called Kare-Kare Essay Example for Free (#2)

A Filipino Dish Called Kare-Kare Essay ? In general, Filipinos are known to be food lovers. This results in varieties of recipes that were either borrowed or produced. And among these is one of the most popular Filipino dishes named â€Å"Kare-kare†. But why â€Å"Kare-kare†? What does it possess that others are lacking? Well, to know the reason behind this, let me bring you to the colourful world of â€Å"Kare-kare† dish. From a far, you can feel the heat coming from the pot as the pork leg bathes itself in hot water. It is showered with salt and vetsin. Now, as the pork leg softens and feels comfortable inside, a cup of red, thick atsuete starts to flow around it. And looking like a painter’s colour palette, the golden ground peanut and white ground rice mixed with the river of atsuete, covering the entire pot surface. The tub then becomes more attractive and vivid, catching the attention of Mr. Green string beans, Ms. Banana bud, the leafy chinese cabbage, and the ever elegant purple eggplant to jump over. â€Å"Plok†¦ plok†¦ plok†, you can hear as the nutritious vegetables dive inside the world of â€Å"Kare-kare†. So pleasurable! But wait, there’s more. Accompanying this delicious and beautiful dish is a cup of bagoong embellished with chopped liempo. The tenderness of liempo and saltiness of bagoong perfectly match the â€Å"Kare-kare† recipe which will surely leave you asking for more. Satisfying right? Indeed this popular Filipino cuisine is very nutritious and more colourful. It is original and will not only feed your mind and your stomach, but will also wake up your love for the Philippines. Try to share it with others, perhaps to your family or friends, and I’m sure they will feel exactly the same way as you and I do even while just reading this essay. So what are you waiting for? Stop imagining and start cooking your â€Å"Kare-kare†. A Filipino Dish Called Kare-Kare. (2017, Feb 05).

Investigation Into Piston Failures Dissertation

Investigation Into Piston Failures - Dissertation Example Various researched have been conducted so far proposing new geometries, materials and manufacturing techniques for engine pistons which further accounted for a constant improvement for the past decades and demanded comprehensive analysis of the smallest details. Despite of all these vast researches, there is a mass number of piston failures. There are various origins in damage mechanisms which area basically related to temperature, wear and fatigue. Further the fatigue damages prominently include thermal fatigue and mechanical fatigue, which are either at high temperature or at room temperature. This study is not just related to the causes, diagnosis and solutions of piston failures but also related to an overwhelming and a specialist exploration of the points of investigation. Various interlinked aspects and methods corresponding to the piston failures or fatigues have to be considered to construct a reliable, overwhelming and coherent investigation about engine piston failures. Thu s, the following three basic approaches are employed to analyze the fatigue mechanism. 1. Total Life Approach, 2. Crack Initiation Approach, and 3. Crack Propagation Approach. Various characteristics such like the piston-materials, the piston-operations, the total life approach or the other related operations classify lubrication operations as the nature of the engine piston failure. The fatigue total-life approach corresponds to the piston life method that analyzes the stresses damaging the piston. In the similar context, the materials of the piston focus on the fatigue matter in which a piston is most likely to damage or crack due to the use of the forged materials. Such cracks or damages relate to the aspects of material-life, usage-life, stress-life, and operation-life. Nevertheless, the cyclic fatigues are commonly elastic where the material-stress life curve is used and the piston fatigue mechanism is basically plastic deformation. The characteristic of the crack initiation re lated to the dilemma of piston fatigue is usually employed to determine the operation's processes influencing the efficiency of the engine piston. Table of Contents Table of Contents 3 1.Introduction to Pistons 5 1.1. Background on Pistons: 5 1.2. Aims and objectives: 7 1.3. Piston function 7 1.4. Piston Parts 9 2.Piston Design 12 2.1. Piston Shape investigation: 12 2.2. Piston Rings: 13 2.2.1. Compression Ring 13 2.2.2. Wiper Ring 14 2.2.3. Oil Ring 14 2.4. Materials used for manufacturing: 16 2.4.1. The significance of silicone: 17 2.4.2. The types of aluminum alloy: 17 2.4.3 Forged versus Cast: 19 3.Piston Failures 20 3.1 Experimentation 21 3.1.1 Mechanical and high temperature mechanical fatigue 22 3.1.1.1 Piston head and piston pin hole 22 3.1.1.2 Piston compression grooves 25 3.1.1.3. Piston skirt 27 3.1.2. Thermal and thermal–mechanical fatigue 29 4. Analyses and Discussions 32 4.1. Mechanical fatigue 32 4.1.1. Piston head and piston pin hole 32 4.1.2. Piston compressi on grooves 35 4.1.3. Piston skirt 35 4.2. Thermal and thermal–mechanical fatigue 36 5. Solutions and Proposals 37 5.1. Local reinforcements 37 5.2. Materials 38 5.3. Design 39 5.4. Surface coatings 40 5.5. Piston cooling 40 6. Prevention of Piston Failures and deformation 41 6.3.3. The Types of Lubricants 45 6. Conclusions 46 6.1. The possible causes of the Piston Failure: 47 6.2. The different types of the piston damage: 47 7. Recommendation 48

Russian Lit Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Russian Lit - Essay Example This is the tragedy of their love. The Theme of Love in The Lady with the Little Dog. The Lady with the Little Dog is one of Anton Chekhov’s most popular short stories and also one of the greatest love stories in literature. The entire narrative revolves round the theme of love. The protagonists, Dmitri Gurov and Anna Sergeyevna, are married and have their own separate, routine family lives that are not particularly cruel or intolerable. As such, their passion is not something which automatically deserves approval. However, the compassion and tenderness with which the author delineates the love between Dmitri and Anna arouses the reader’s sympathy and justifies their common search for a meaningful relationship. Their passion transforms the cynical Dmitri into a true lover and a more compassionate man. The Lady with the Little Dog is a story of illicit passion and the conclusion is ambiguous. There is no ‘they lived happily ever after’ at the end. Their inab ility to overcome the clandestine nature of their meetings lends a tragic note to the narrative. They are doomed to live apart. The protagonists’ love arises from a shared need, transforms Dmitri’s cynicism into true passion, and leads to their living double lives which cannot be reconciled with social norms. Dmitri and Anna come to Yalta with the shared experience of loveless married lives. Both have been married early in their respective lives: obviously in marriages which have been arranged for convenience, according to the custom in the Russia of those days. Dmitri is afraid of his wife and does â€Å"not like to be at home† (Chekhov, p. 361), while Anna despises her husband for being â€Å"a lackey† (Chekhov, , p.365). Both of them are obviously in search of romance and have come to Yalta prepared to actively seek out and enjoy new experiences and pleasures. Dmitri is lured by the â€Å"tempting thought of a swift, fleeting love affair,† (Chek hov, p.362) and Anna yearns for â€Å"something better --- a different life† (Chekhov, p. 366). Anna is aware of Dmitri’s motive in pursuing her, but does nothing to discourage him. In spite of her moral qualms, and the comparative innocence of her character, she voluntarily surrenders to her passion. They deliberately embark on a one week fling, which they fully expect to be a temporary indulgence. However, contrary to their expectations, the beautiful surroundings, their common needs, and their shared celebration of â€Å"this sweet delirium, this madness,† (Chekhov, , p.368), take root as enduring love. Dmitri enters into his relationship with Anna in the same spirit of cynicism with which he has always dealt with women in the past: despising them as â€Å"an inferior race!† (Chekhov, , p.362). Being unfaithful to his wife is nothing new to him. He is bored and irritated by Anna’s remorse and her continuous fear of being despised by him for bein g a â€Å"trite, trashy woman† (Chekhov, , p.366). He admits that she is deceived in thinking him to be â€Å"kind, extraordinary, lofty† (Chekhov, , p.368). He is ready to put Yalta behind him and move on with life in Moscow. He is totally unprepared to find that his memory of Anna â€Å"followed him everywhere like a shadow and watched him† (Chekhov, , p.369). What begins as just a search for another conquest ends with making a new man of him. He realizes that â€Å"there was no person closer, dearer and more important to him in the whole world† (Chekhov, , p.372). He complacently thinks it is she who loves him and continues

See notes below disscuss the concepts APPROACH, DESIGN and PROCEDURE Essay

See notes below disscuss the concepts APPROACH, DESIGN and PROCEDURE according to Richards and Rodgers (2001) framework - Essay Example It was only after the emergence of psychology as a branch of science that interest on the evolution of methods based on the research findings of how human acquire learning and how they respond to different modes of teaching took a paradigm shift. And as part of a changing world system, the methods have also evolved to become more effective over the years. (Anthony, E.M. 1963). Most of us learn to speak at least two languages. Our first language (L1) is known as our native language, and is acquired from our childhood years. The Second Language (L2), also known as foreign language, is acquired as taught in schools, or by living in a state where another language is spoken. Acquiring the first language in most situations is as effortless as learning normal routines. We learn it because we are exposed to it most of the time. On the other hand, learning a another new language calls for greater effort and dedication, and persistent application of the trial and error methodology. (Sally Morrison). The emphasis on this type of language teaching is on how an individual can successfully grasp a second language over a given period of time. It is suitable for the classroom as well as the individual student, because every student who wants to learn a new language has different learning needs, and the instructor has to choose the right method to be used in teaching the classroom which can be easily understood by everyone and does not alienate any student in the class. (JoAnn (Jodi) Crandall, p.3). The existence of various methods for learning the second language has made the task for instructors simpler albeit more strenuous. On the one hand, they have a fine array of systematic learning to suit different needs and tastes. On the other, they have the unenviable task of studying each method separately, and then they choose the method best suited for the purpose. 3. Approach, Design and Procedure Richards and Rodgers developed a three levels framework to help instructors in choosing the right method. The three levels: Approach, Design, and Procedure, are interrelated to each other as the content of each level directly affects the contents of the other levels. Richards and Rodgers implied that in order to select the best method, we should look at each method as a separate series of theories and applications, and that the methods can be evaluated by comparing and coordinating the three interrelated levels. Now let us define the three levels first. (Richards, J. and T. Rodgers. 1986). Approach Approach refers to a particular theory that supports and serves as a foundation of any methodology. No methods exist alone unsupported by theoretical views, and that is why methods and theories must be viewed together. Design is the creation of

IBM academic report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

IBM academic report - Essay Example ecruitment is the process in which an organization attracts individuals who are best qualified to make applications for a given job (Hall et al., 2005). Human resource practices form a part of the human resource strategy of an organization and are customary systems of doing business in an organization. Recruitment and selection practices in an organization develop the strategies and ways through which an organization attracts and retains the best talent to generate competitive advantage. The study critical analyzes the recruiting and selection strategy and practices at IBM, if it is a sustainable long-term strategy, comparison with best practices, and provides recommendations for changes in the strategy for augmented effectiveness. IBM aims at achieving different milestones in the business including collaboration with different parties to build smarter cities, transportation, power grids, water, telecommunications, and healthcare globally. IBM aims at the provision of real-time customer service, collaborate with global suppliers and partners in an instant, reach new markets, and exceed client expectations in achieving competitive edge. Presenting clients with a remarkable experience and being essential to partners, suppliers, and customers. IBM has a set of shared values that holds the organization together and allows the organization to achieve global dominance and profitability (IBM, 2014). One of the primary values at IBM is dedicating activities for each client’s success through building strong relationships with customers, focusing on results, and personal dedication to clients, and having a role in the success of customers. The other value evident at IBM is coming up with innovation that matter to the world and the company through having employees as forward thinkers, love for challenges and improvements on daily basis, striving to be the best, and taking informed risks. Another value of IBM is having trust and personal responsibility for all

Current and Future Development of Irvine Assignment - 1

Current and Future Development of Irvine - Assignment Example The city is divided into townships known as villages. The six lanes within the city separate the townships. The townships have houses of similar designs, commercial centers, and institutions. The city’s design resembles the shape of a necklace, as the residential areas surrounded by two commercial districts; the Irvine Business Complex and Spectrum. The streets have landscaping allowance, with rights of way serving as bicycle corridors, parks and greenbelts. These help in preserving the ecology of the city. There is control of home appearance by the home owner’s association. House roofing, color paints, and landscaping are controlled. Each village was designed and planned to have a distinct architectural theme. The city was incorporated on December 28th, 1971, with Charter Law as its form of government, City Council under control of the city manager. The city has a population of 223,000 hardworking communities, who have chosen the city as their home. Its population has grown steadily over the past 40 years. The population growth percentage is 20% between 1970 and 1980. Ever since that time, it has stagnated to a growth of 2% per year. The city relatively started with a young population base. Irvine is now ranked the 98th largest city in the US according to US Census Bureau. The city has four high schools; University High School, Irvine High School, Northwood High School and Woodbridge High School. There are colleges and universities that offer higher education. These are; University of California, Irvine, Concordia University and Irvine University among others. Libraries are also available within the city. The Heritage Park Regional Library and Katie Wheeler Library offer services to the natives. One of the economic activities in the city is tourism. Destination Irvine program provides information for vacation and destination for meetings, events, and other business initiatives.

Financial Leverage Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Financial Leverage - Essay Example Higher expected returns are associated with the firms that are having high financial leverage ratios when the economy of a country is normal. Whereas, when the economy of a country is in recession so firms having high financial leverage ratios will face risk of loss. On the other hand, firms having low financial leverage ratios are supposed to be less risky but higher expected returns are not associated with these firms. IMPORTANCE OR AIM OF THE STUDY The importance or aim of this study is to show that analysts use financial leverage ratios to accomplish two things: †¢First, they are a measure of the extent to which firms finance their assets through debt. †¢Second, they are the indicators of the financial risk of the firm. Analysis of a firm’s financial leverage ratios is essential to evaluate its long-term risk and return prospects. Leverage as a debt-financing indicator is important because whenever a firm’s rate of return on assets is in access of interest rate, the profits to equity investors are magnified in direct proportions to increases in leverage. The reverse also holds true-whenever the rate of return falls below the interest rate, the profits to investors decline with increases in leverage. In fact, if the firm is sufficiently levered, interest expenses may be so high that under adverse economic conditions the firm may not be capable of paying them-that is, financial risk is directly proportional to leverage. In conclusion it can be said that analysis of a firm’s financial leverage ratios is essential to evaluate its long-term risk and return prospects. Leveraged firms accrue excess returns to their shareholders so long as the rate of return on the investments financed by debt is greater than the cost of debt.

Competitive Advantage Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Competitive Advantage - Research Paper Example Companies can only achieve and sustain competitive advantage if only their services and means of delivering them demonstrate crucial attributes that correspond to the crucial purchasing criteria of a crucial group of clients. Similarly, sustained competitive advantage results from the long-term difference between goods and services of one company and the products of its rivals in the customers’ mind. In the modern business environment, companies compete in a dynamic and challenging environment that has been changed by various factors ranging from globalization, uncertainty, abrupt changes to increasing information technology uses (Whitley, 2007). Therefore, attaining and sustaining competitive advantage is the main concern in the mind of many leaders in the competitive and moderately growth markets that characterize various modern businesses and competitive advantage sources are of crucial interest for many organizations in the modern business. ... Core competencies are crucial for organizational competitive advantage and performance as they imply the abilities and skills for effective resource deployment through the processes and tasks of an organization. It is a cross-functional capabilities combination and coordination, for instance, a competency in development of products in one part of the firm may be a result of an integration of capabilities of systems of information management, marketing abilities and product and service production capabilities in that division. These capabilities are fundamental to an organization attaining competitive advantage (Dosi, Nelson, & Winter, 2000). When analyzing core competencies of an organization, managers should realize that competition among organization is a race for mastery of competence to secure market position and power. Core competencies are increasingly crucial organization’s ability because of its relevance to the prosperity of the organization in the marketplace. The co mpany can use its competencies to develop their unique products and services and market them to gain more profits than their competitors. Similarly, choosing people with required skill and expertise, upgrading or expanding employee’s capacities through training enhances the competitive advantage of the company. As the experience builds up the organization reaches the level of its ability to carry its activities effectively, at a manageable cost and the capacity to start converting it into the true competitive advantage. Organisational resources and capability is crucial competitive advantage source for the success and growth of the organization in the marketplace (Porter, 2004).  Ã‚  

Control Over Prices Essay Example for Free

Control Over Prices Essay The degree of control over prices which the companies may exercise varies widely with the competitive situation in which they operate. Sellers operating under conditions of pure competition do not have any control over the prices they receive. A monopolist, on the other hand, may fix prices according to his discretion. Sellers operating under imperfect competition may have some pricing discretion. The marketer, therefore, needs to know the degree of pricing discretion enjoyed by him. Wal-Mart is selling varieties of items and one of these is Toys. It has got a good percentage of customers in the market but other competitors have also have their own share and Toys R Us is quite close to it. Both the companies have their own approach of pricing the toys in the market. The approach is whether WalMart should use the loss leader pricing policy to stay comfortable in the market. Perfect competition is said to exist when (i) there are a large number of buyers and sellers, (ii) each purchasing and selling such a small quantity that their withdrawal from the market will not affect the total demand and supply, (iii) the products sold by sellers are homogeneous in nature. Prices under perfect competition are determined by the forces of supply and demand. Prices will be fixed at a point where supply and demand are at equilibrium. In pure competition, all that the individual seller can do is to accept the price prevailing in the market, i.e. the company is in the position of a Price Taker. If it wants to charge a higher price, buyers will purchase from other sellers. And it need not charge less since it can sell its supply at the going market price. Under monopoly, a single producer has complete control of the entire supply of a certain product.   The main features of monopoly are (i) there is only one seller of a particular good or service and (ii) rivalry from the producers of substitutes is so remote that it is almost insignificant. As a result, the monopolist is in a position to set the price himself. Thus, it is in the position of a Price Setter. Even in the case of monopoly, there are limits to the extent to which it can increase its prices. Much depends on the elasticity of demand for the product. This, in turn, depends on the extent of availability of substitutes for the product. In most cases, there is rather an infinite series of closely competing substitutes. Bigger organizations must take into account potential competition by alternative services. The closer the substitute and greater the elasticity of the demand for a monopolist’s product, the less it can raise its price without frightening away its customers. Monopolies are constantly tending the break down due to many reasons: (i)shifts in consumer demand, (ii) continuous process of innovations and technological developments leading to development of substitutes, (iii) lack of stimulus to efficiency provided by competition, (iv)entry of new competitors.   Loss leader pricing policy of Wal-Mart It is a type of strategy applied by the company where the item is sold below the cost price in an effort to balance other profit sales. It is just another way of promoting sales of the products which are slow moving or to counterbalance some other competitive firm. It is the market situation characterized by a few sellers each having an appreciable share in the total output of the commodity. In each of these industries, each seller knows his competitors individually in each market. Each company realizes that any change in his price and advertising policy may lead rivals to change their policies. Hence, Wal-Mart may consider the possible reactions of the other firms to its own policies. The smaller the number of firms, the more interdependent are their policies. In such cases, there is a strong tendency towards close collaboration in policy determination both in regard to production and prices. Such type of   industries are usually characterized by what is known as price leadership—a situation where firms fix their prices in a manner dependent upon the price charged by one of the firms in the industry,i.e.,Toys R Us, called the price leader. The price leader has lower costs and adequate financial resources, a substantial share of the market and a reputation for sound pricing decisions. Price leaders with the strongest position in the market may often increase their prices with the hope that competitors will follow suit. Price followers may also delay raising their prices in the hope of snatching a part of the market share away from the leader. Monopolistic competition is a market situation, in which there are many sellers of a particular product, but the product of each seller is in some way differentiated in the minds of consumers from the product of every other seller. None of the sellers is in a position to control a major part of the total supply of the commodity but every seller so differentiates his portion of the supply from the portions sold by others, that buyers hesitate to shift their purchases from his product to that of another in response to price differences. At times, one manufacturer may differentiate his own products. Wal-Mart sells toys of many brands. This differentiation of product by each manufacturer by giving it a brand name gives him some amount of monopoly if he is able to create goodwill for his product and he may be able to charge higher prices thereof to some extent. Still, his product will have to compete with similar products of other manufacturers which puts a limit on his pricing discretion. If he charges too high a price, consumers may shift their loyalty to other competing suppliers. One can find it out by going to the market, as a large number of toys are subject to a large degree of product differentiation as a means of attracting customer. As long as a consumer has an impression that a particular product brand is different and superior to others, he will be willing to pay more for that brand than for any other brand of the same commodity. The differences real or illusory may be built up in his mind by (a)   advertising, and (b) his own experience and observation. The producer gains and retains his customers by (a) competitive advertising and sales promotion, (b) the use of brand names quite as much as by (c) price competition. Product differentiation is more typical of the present day economic system, than either pure competition or monopoly. And, in most cases, a firm has to face monopolistic competition. It tries to maintain its position and promotes its sales by either (i) changing its price and indulging in price competition, or (ii) intensifying the differentiation of its product, and (iii) increasing its advertisement and sales promotion efforts. Instead of the cost, the emphasis here is on the market. The firm adjusts it own price policy to the general pricing structure in the industry. Where costs are particularly difficult to measure, this may seem to be the logical first step in a rational pricing policy. Many cases of this type are situations of price leadership. Where price leadership is well established, charging according to what competitors are charging may be the only safe policy. Normal pricing is not quite the same as accepting a price impersonally set by a near perfect market. Rather it would seem that the firm has some power to set its own price and could be a price maker if it chooses to face all the consequences. It prefers, however, to take the safe course and conform to the policy of others. Prices of certain goods become more or less fixed, not by deliberate action on the sellers’ part but as a result of their having prevailed for a considerable period of time. For such goods, changes in costs are usually reflected in changes in quality or quantity. Only when the costs change significantly the customary prices of these goods are changed. Customary prices may be maintained even when products are changed. For example, the new model of toy may be priced at the same level as the discontinued model. This is usually so even in the face of lower costs. A lower price may cause an adverse reaction on the competitors leading to a price war so also on the consumers who may think that the quality of the new model is inferior. Perhaps, going along with the old price is the easiest thing to do. Whatever be the reasons, the maintenance of existing prices as long as possible is a factor in the pricing of many products. If a change in prices is intended, Wal-Mart must study the pricing policies and practices of competing firms and the behavior and emotional make-up of his opposite number in those firms. References Philip Kotler (2002) Marketing Management, Prentice-Hall, New York Beaumont, P.B.,(1999) Pricing Policies and Procedures, Sage Publications, London, . Flippo Edwin B., (1989) Marketing Management, McGraw-Hill, New York Purecell J.,Boxall P.,(2003) Marketing Development, Plagrave, Macmillan, New York.

Andrew Jackson Campaign Speech of 1828 Essay Example for Free

Andrew Jackson Campaign Speech of 1828 Essay My fellow Americans, the upcoming national elections present a very important choice. We can forge a â€Å"true† representative democracy for the first time in history, and be led by our directly elected leaders. Or we can continue to live in an aristocratic republic run by over-educated elitists who are not beholden to the will of the people, but only to themselves. As you all know, three years ago I won the popular vote for President, but was denied the office because of a â€Å"corrupt bargain† between the dishonorable Henry Clay and President Adams. The people’s choice was disregarded by the elite in power. As a result, I immediately resigned from the Senate and returned to Tennessee, where the legislature immediately nominated me for President again. I have spent the last three years preparing to right this terrible wrong and take back the people’s power to choose their own leaders. My opponent Mr. Adams dismisses me as a â€Å"military chieftain. † I have fought two wars for this country, and I am proud of it. I think one of the most important qualifications a President should have is a military background. We were invaded by the British only 15 years ago. That enemy is still in the Canadas agitating Indians to attack us, and waiting for another chance to invade. We have foreign enemies at our every border. Don’t forget the Spanish forces just to the south in Florida, and Mexico to the west, and Indians constantly raiding settlements all along the frontiers. These foreign threats are many and dire, and we need a President who has the experience to defend our nation against them. There are threats to our nation from within as well. The Second National Bank is a threat to our economic well-being. President Adams and Vice-president Clay both support the bank claiming that it provides stability. I say it does great harm to the average American. It is a financial monopoly controlled by a few wealthy easterners. It controls the credit for the entire country, prints paper money of dubious worth, and it is just plain unconstitutional. Out west thousands of ordinary shop keepers, millers, farmers and other business owners cannot get the currency and the loans they need to run their concerns. How do you develop and grow the economy of a new state without currency, or worse yet, with paper currency of dubious worth? I say let us do away with all paper money, I do not trust it. Gold and Silver coin have intrinsic and eternal value, paper does not. We should also rely on our local and state banks, run by the people who live in and understand our communities, to control the currency needed for commerce, not some faceless, monopolistic national bank. Another threat from within are the abolitionists. They care about one issue only, and would tear the nation apart to get their way. Slavery is necessary to the economy of the south. If we outlaw it, we will make criminals of thousands of slave owners overnight, and collapse all of the southern states’ economies. How will southern families feed and clothe themselves without their labor force? I say let the people and their states decide this issue for themselves. Many northern states have already outlawed slavery, and one day the southern states may follow. You cannot force a cultural change like this on people; you must let them come to it in their own way and time. That is the nature of democracy. President Adams is afraid of internal threats as well. His biggest fear is YOU! The people of this nation, the ordinary citizens of the United States are the gravest threat he faces. Our President doesn’t trust us. To him, we are the unwashed, ignorant masses who, given the chance, would run the country into the ground. The president has stated many times that he believes his precious republic will soon â€Å"degenerate into democracy; that government of the people will become government by the people. † I say it’s about time. I say â€Å"we the people† built this nation. We have marched across the continent, scratching out a living, and burying our children along the way to do it. I say â€Å"we the people† understand better than anyone what it takes to make this nation grow and prosper. I trust the common people of this nation, because I am one of the common people. I am not yet another wealthy land owner from Virginia, nor am I an aristocratic lawyer from Massachusetts. I am a just an old Indian fighter from Tennessee. I believe â€Å"we the people† who have sacrificed the most for this great nation have earned the right to govern it. But I need your help to make this happen. Already, the new states are entering the union with few restrictions on the vote. This has caused many the old states to change their ways as well. Eighteen of our states now choose their electors by popular vote, while only six still allow the legislature to choose their representatives for them. I urge you all to go to the polls on Election Day. With this election we can finally take back power from the old aristocracy. We can establish the legitimacy of majority rule based upon direct voting for candidates by the electorate, and guarantee preservation of the Union, with states rights as the fundamental basis of American liberty. This is the dawn of a new day for democracy and modern American politics. Please vote on Election Day. Thank you.

Traffic Congestion In Toronto Tourism Essay

Traffic Congestion In Toronto Tourism Essay Transportation is crucial in any town or city. Toronto is no exception. In the past several years, population growth rate has been high. Transportation systems therefore need to be upgraded to accommodate this demand. Toronto has over the years been known to have two seasons which include winter and construction seasons. The construction period implies the time when there are many constructions while the winter period is a time when traffic congestion reduces drastically. This refers to the traffic congestion menace in Toronto. Construction related delays have been common in Toronto due to politicization. Municipal infrastructure needs to be maintained in Toronto and other cities in Canada. Toronto replenishes its roads twice before reconstruction after every 60 years. This makes most roads deplorable amidst heavy demand by commuters (Chowdhury, 2005). This high demand together with temporary capacity reductions emerges from road crashes and commuter work zones. This paper tries to a ddress the traffic snarl up in Toronto with a view of finding a solution to this menace. Problem Statement Traffic related problems account for loss of seven to ten hours weekly for Torontians. These problems include traffic congestion and bad conditions of roads. . Traffic congestions in Toronto roads normally occur during the day and delays more passengers and goods than it delays used to be. It is reported that the average delay per peak traveler has moved from 15 hours in 1982 to 45 hours in 2002 each year (Buzzelli, 2001). Apparently, the figure has tripled within 20 years. It equates to the number of hours spent in working for the whole year. Traffic congestion is a paralyzing incident for the city and which gets worse day by day. Torontonians spend approximately seven to ten hours a week in traffic due to traffic related problems (Sewell, 2009). Examples of these problems range from traffic congestion to bad road conditions. For some, seven to ten hours may be seen as an honor- a short time menace. To others, this is a soul-sucking grind. Traffic congestions in Toronto roads normally occur during the day and delays more passengers and goods than it delays used to be. It is reported that the average delay per peak traveler has moved from 15 hours in 1982 to 45 hours in 2002 each year (Buzzelli, 2001). Apparently, the figure has tripled within 20 years. It equates to the number of hours spent in working for the whole year. Traffic congestion is a paralyzing incident for the city and which gets worse day by day. The traffic menace in the Toronto is rather a complex affair. Bicycles, cars, taxies, delivery trucks, buses, and pedestrians compete in using the same road at the same time. Standing traffic causes an increase in air and noise pollution. Bicycle lanes are placed in unfit locations that do not connect to other routes. This wastes money and space. The lanes are also unsafe to use.  The change in traffic routes and failure to enforce rules for parking and stopping of vehicles are major causes of traffic congestion too. The removal of parking lanes has also caused an overall drop in revenue from business (Vigar, 2002).   High Economic costs of Toronto are attributed to traffic congestions. The hours lost by employees in traffic jams or waiting for arrival of delivery buses are raising eye brows. During these congestions, there is increased use of fuel. This loss can be approximated as $2.0 billion annually (Statistics Canada Paragraph 16). On average a typical commuter currently spends more than 79 minutes currently getting to and from their workplaces as compared to 68 hours in 1990s. Additionally, health effects related to congestion are on the increase. Research has revealed that each year, there are approximately 440 premature deaths and around 1,700 other victims hospitalized in Toronto. These problems related to congestion are broad, big and complex and require great solutions to be eliminated permanently. Reasons for Traffic Congestion in Toronto Sharing of the road by motor cycles, bicycles, and all kinds of vehicles is a common characteristic in Toronto. Lanes for bicycles are placed on sidewalks and major thoroughfares. This makes pedestrians have difficulties in walking since bicycles occupy the sidewalks causing congestion. This also causes a reduction in parking and stopping spaces for cars in the city. Additionally, traffic and parking laws are not evenly enforced. The laws are effected on some vehicles but not on all road users this is a contributing factor to congestion, increased insurance costs and frayed tempers. Health problems and money wasted for gas and insurance are on the rise because of rise in traffic congestion (Mehr, 2005). During the construction period, traffic congestion is always on the rise. Main roads are blocked which causes traffic jams on the remaining roads. These delays are terrible. Moreover, politicians have turned the afflictions of pedestrians into prominent issues that contribute to the unending construction related delays. City mayors have been blamed of bureaucratic incompetence by politicians. This incompetence is said to have brought endless construction related work. The complexities occasioned by the aforementioned only hurts commuters.sub contractors involved during construction have failed to be coordinated which leads to delays too (White, 2009). Commuters have a high demand in road usage. This high demand together with momentary capacity reduction is as a result of road crashes and commuter work zones. These aforementioned causes a high cost of travelling and makes it more frustrating for commuters. The road government organ, federal highway administration (FHWA) with a jurisdiction of administering construction has mentioned congestion as an issue demanding a high priority. Environmental stewardship also known as the agencys vital few are other key priority areas (Vigar, 2002). Feasible Solutions to Traffic Congestion in Toronto This public menace has a potential for improvement. The use of new construction technologies should see Toronto construct its roads quicker or ensure construction does not affect the movement of traffic. For example, lateral drilling machines which eliminate the need for contractors opening up the pavement could be employed. Deployment and development of technologies in the 21st century is also important. These technologies are known as intelligent transportation systems (ITS).this technology could be used to develop the agencys capability to manage transportation systems. On the other hand commercial carriers and travelers will have ability to make informed choices about when and how to travel. Road works done on parallel arteries should also be avoided. The kind of advanced planning should be standard practice for Toronto. There should be coordination in road construction that should not restrict roadways during rush hour (Green, 2001). Traffic congestion should not be taken as a normal state of affairs. Efforts taken into consideration traditionally should be reinforced in addition to focus of FHWA on development and promotion of transportation systems and overall management and operations. Good management and operations should not do away with the need to construct new roads and to add transit capacity appropriately. The management should make most out of existing infrastructure. Retaining an existing vehicle by owners during peak operating condition is better than buying a new one in the operational strategies could be cheaper in implementation than road construction projects. This could help in reduction of traffic congestions and causing a stretch in infrastructure performance (Fisher 1996). Maintenance of municipal infrastructure in Toronto is an issue of great importance. There should be no less than 14 utilities including gas, hydro, phone and cable. These utilities should be used to replace aging equipment in Toronto streets. Despite all this, citizens of Toronto expect more and more from this city since its their right having paid heavy taxes. These disruptions have been there but they are becoming peoples centre of thought (Chowdhury, 2005). There is need to maintain municipal infrastructure in Toronto and this remains a fact not just in Toronto but other Canadian cities as well. There should be no fewer than 14 utilities, which should include gas, phone, hydro and cable. All these utilities should be tearing up Torontos streets to replace other aging equipment. Despite all these, people expect more and more from the city since it is their right after having paid the required taxes to the government. These disruptions have been there but they are becoming the peoples centre of thought (Mehr, 2005). Taking the construction activities for 24hrs is another approach worth exploring. For example the reconstruction of the Gardiner in the 1990s.the metro council back then opted to pay the contractor a premium to ensure that he works 24hrs so that the construction would take a shorter time. Toronto city should aim at constructing ring roads and by-passes. Though these are not common in Toronto city and country side, this can increase the number of roads to cater for the increasing number of vehicles in the roads. Additionally, more super highways should be constructed in addition to the existing ones. This will ensure that they utilize more space upwards and this will enable motor cycles, bikes and cars use specific highways (Green, 2001). Cars on the city centre should be banned; this should be done on busy days. A fee should be introduced for cars that enter the central business district. This will ensure that only public transport enter the city centre to ease the congestion. Private car owner who drive to work will park their cars at designated areas outside the city centre. They then board public transport to the city centre (Fisher, 1996). Creation of multi storey car parks is also important. Highways in city centers will have car parks alongside main roads. Additionally, entrance roads should be wider than countryside roads. By doing this it will create room for car parks. Rules and regulations should also be put in place to ensure that different vehicles are supposed to be parked (Chowdhury, 2005). Synchronization of traffic signals is also important. These signals should be used by all road users including pedestrians. All those breaking the rules by not observing these lights should face certain penalties. Licensing of cyclists should be done by payment of a certain fee. They should also e designated bicycle lanes on the roads where they could cycle. Roads in Toronto are often utilized for rallies marathons and protests. These functions cause congestion and closing of roads which is of no necessity. These functions could utilize the sidewalks or other areas be sought for the same. Exhaust fumes emitted from vehicles during congestion causes air pollution. Car hooting on the other hand causes noise pollution. Hence, keeping traffic in motion at all times is of essence to reduce environmental pollution and save resources. In addition the government should establish policies that are channeled towards reduction of congestion on our roads. Enforcement of these laws should be stri ct with penalties for the breakers of the law (Fisher, 1996). Conclusion Traffic congestion in Toronto is a time bomb waiting to explode. This situation has been occasioned as a result of poor enforcement of transport laws. Politicking also is a major contributing factor to this menace causing delay in construction works. Roads in Toronto are dilapidated too since the city resurfaces its roads after every 60years.the use of Toronto roads for other functions such as rallies which necessitate their closure at those times. Even though this problem seems difficult to solve there is room for improvement. Various solutions could go a long way in trying to solve this menace. New construction technologies need to be explored which will quicken the construction process. Creation of multi storey car parks is also should be considered. This will ensure that car parks are constructed along main roads. A fee should be introduced for drivers who enter the city centre. Commuters should be willing to use public transport to the city centre. Construction of bicycle lanes could help reduce congestion too. Although public transport is the solution to this menace, congestion can further be reduced by use of other means of transport. With the population estimated to increase by nearly 2.6 million, it is apparent that this problem will still persist since more than a million lore cars will be added to the roads. Therefore the commuter time is expected to stretch and the economic cost of congestion doubling. Further the death toll is expected to rise due to traffic causes alongside increase in emissions. In addition the government should enact policies and enforce efficiently. The only way to prevent the city of Toronto from coming to a standstill is to force people out of their cars by pricing them off.

King Lears Emotional Stages :: essays research papers

King Lear’s Emotional Stages   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Throughout the play King Lear, Shakespeare portrays King Lear as a normal human being with a very complex and fragile character. In this very sentimental play, Shakespeare places Lear through the worst anguish of his life (Bruhl 312). The anguish Lear goes through helps him finally realize that human nature is not always loving, caring, and giving as his kingship disguises him to think. One may describe the mental states Lear goes through as myriad mental states. Throughout the play Lear reaches many realizations through his mistakes and symbolic madness, people’s wrong doings toward him, and his return to sanity through redemptive salvation.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Lear makes many mistakes at the end of his lifetime. The want of an untroubled life of second childhood without the responsibilities of a well respected king is the main mistake Lear makes. The slippage of his self- image finally causes him to go mad (Dominic 233). Before Lear goes mad he realizes the state in which he is turning when he states, “My wits begin to turn.';( III.ii.67). Lear’s suffering is primarily mental and climaxes when Regan throws him out in the storm (Bruhl 317). The main mistakes appears “ as he [Lear] enters the phantasmagoria [fantastic imagery, as in a dream] of his madness';( Halio 192). This type of thinking makes Lear become mentally unstable.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  One can attribute King Lear’s main mental anguishes to the direct act of wrong doing towards him. The wrong doings cause so much suffering because it comes from the two people he thought loved him more than any person on earth, Goneril and Regan. These ungrateful daughters strip Lear of his knights when he gives over his power (Dominic 233) of which this quote makes an exemplary example: Regan: And speak’t again, my lord. No more with me Lear: Those wicked creatures yet do look well favored When others are more wicked: not being the worst Stand in some rank of praise. I’ll go with thee. Thy fifty yet doth double five-and-twenty And thou are twice her love. Goneril:  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Hear me, my lord: What need you five and twenty, ten, or five,... Regan:  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  What need one? Lear: O, reason not the need! Our beset beggars Are in the poorest thing superfluous. (II.iv.257-267) This conversation describes how evil subverts good; but in the end good is victorious (Ribner 136). Lear’s daughters cause him to think that everyone who says they love him will turn on him.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the end of the story, Lear reaches the pinnacle of redemptive salvation. Lear sees his imprisonment as a time he and Cordelia can “live, / and pray, and sing, and tell old tales, and laugh/ At guilded butterflies and

Autobiographical Comparison :: James Baldwin Philosophy Essays

Autobiographical Comparison While reading through James Baldwin's Autobiographical Notes, I was struck with a sudden flash of inspiration. I already knew that I enjoyed Baldwin's works more than any others we have read in class so far: Rodriguez's writing I found to be dull and victimized; Jacobs's was precisely an explanation of how bad slaves lives were and nothing more; and although Virginia Woolf's writings were not painful to read the overall style left me feeling dreamy and disconcerted (after a while all those semicolons got to me). Baldwin's writing had not only content, but a reflection upon it that I found interesting to read. He offered a fresh perspective, analyzing the social history of America and its causes. It is very interesting to read the sections discussing the concept of fighting poison by using poison, and the section discussing the choice of amputation or gangrene. Rather than throw up his hands in despair and say, "Life's not fair that I must choose between amputation and gangrene," he analyzes the benefits and trade-offs. All this I knew before reading his Autobiographical Notes, but while I read them I was suddenly struck with a very powerful revelation. I realized that I liked his writings because I found in him the same philosophy I have adopted. I immediately wondered if there was a connection between our philosophies and the fact that we were both minorities. I'm curious as to how much of the similarities in our philosophies can be attributed to being minorities, and how many differences can be explained by the fact that we are from two different minorities and those that can be explained by the fact that he wrote and lived generations removed from myself. There are three main similarities between our philosophies that I would like to discuss, although the three are likely closely related. The first is that even bad situations contain their associated good. Baldwin writes that the things which hurt and the things which help cannot be divorced from each other. I am not sure how widely spread this idea is, but I certainly believe it. Since around the time I was in 3rd grade, I have believed that good can not exist without bad. Furthermore, I believe that the sum of one's life that he considers good and that which he considers bad will in the end come out equal.

Looking at a Growing City :: essays papers

Looking at a Growing City In her lecture, Ms. Gretchen Schneider gave an in depth study of the changing uses of space in the development of the city of Boston. Her study involved a look at the history and land of the city and how they informed the decisions made regarding development and change in the city. In Jack Ahern’s lecture, he discussed landscape scenarios, which included a look at the different spatial concepts of landscape planning. Both lectures included information that could be extracted and applied when analyzing the development of any city. In this paper, I will be applying the ideas they presented in my own brief analysis of the development of my hometown, Nashua, NH. Nashua, New Hampshire is a small city of 175,000 people that lies on the border of Massachusetts. It began as an Indian fishing village along the Nashua River and with time and the construction of the Daniel Webster (Main) street, it grew to be a small factory town. Around the civil war times, Main Street became the main retail district as it was close to the textile factories that ran along the river. Small neighborhoods developed at either end of Main Street along with a railroad station west of the center of town. At this stage of Nashua’s development, it most closely resembled a contained interdigitation. The community and buildings were located in the central part of town, with a few neighborhoods that ran outside the boundaries. By about 1900, the city had begun to expand in all four directions, still fairly contained by the wilderness and the outskirts still resembled the interdigitation. BY the 1940, main other main roads were built, stemming from Main Street, and there was a great expansion, and the fingers of the interdigitation grew long, stretching into more of the wild land. Owners of the farms near town sold their land and moved to these areas on the western part of town, cleared the woods and built them selves huge farms and orchards. The neighborhoods north and south of the town got larger and expanded to east some. The growth of the city was becoming fast and town officials decided to begin claiming public grounds and building parks. It was at this time that Greeley Park was built that contained about a square quarter mile of land and Holman stadium was built at the northern part of town.

Frankenstein and the monster Essay

â€Å"How far should we feel pity for both Frankenstein and the monster? † Essay By looking carefully at the arguments both for and against feeling pity for Frankenstein and his monster, it is easy to see that we should feel much pity for both. The â€Å"monster† was brought to life on a dark night and thrown into unwittingly into the wide world; a world in which he was forced into solitude due to the neglect of his creator and the rejection of all who saw him. For the whole of his life he was spurned by all who lay eyes on his skin-deep ugliness because their judging minds could not see the person who lay beneath. According to the monster, as he tells Frankenstein whilst talking to him, â€Å"You must create a female for me with whom I can live in the interchange of those sympathies necessary for my being†. All he wanted was a small amount of love and affection from anyone or anything. This shows he has some human feelings and makes the reader empathise with what Frankenstein’s monster has to cope with. The constant rejection the monster receives in the end drives him, the reader believes, to make the ultimate sacrifice, to stop the pain that tears through his body; he wanders off into the snow, where the reader thinks he commits suicide. This ends the suffering and enables him to rest easy for first time since his birth. Others may disagree and say that Frankenstein’s monster was created from the body parts of criminals and therefore could be nothing but evil himself. Using the murders he commits this point could perhaps be justified. The monster kills the completely innocent William and effectively kills Justine as well, by cruelly framing her for his murderous deed. As we find out in the monster’s story he now thought that â€Å"From hence forth, evil be thou my good. â€Å", showing him as nothing but wicked. Furthermore he later murders Frankenstein’s father, before utterly destroying Frankenstein’s last chance of happiness, killing his wife Elizabeth on their wedding night. Having had everything stolen from him, Frankenstein enters a state of despair, where the only thing he has to live for is the need to destroy his creation. The monster had done no good in his life, only ruined Frankenstein’s. Then in an act of running away from all he had done and giving up because the death of his creator gave him nothing else to live for, he took his own life. The conclusion you could then reach from everything he did, is that he therefore deserves no pity from anyone. Though these are completely valid points, there is a different way to look at it. The terrible things the monster did were brought on by the neglect and rejection he suffered, and not being allowed to have someone to love and care for. These are all things humans cannot deal with, making the reader feel more pity because of what he was driven to and the human needs and emotions he shows.

Non-Commissioned Officer the Embodiment of the Corps’ History

Cpl. Stalinsky,Travis Class 318-13 20121202 Squad 1 How is the Modern corps Non-commissi angiotensin-converting enzymed Officer the avatar of the Corps History and Tradition? The unify States shipboard soldier Corps non-commissioned officers are the oceans who corroborate proven that they are worthy to care the responsibility to head teacher lower-ranking oceans. The key of the leatherneck Corps as they relieve oneself a shit been described as. Their job is not retributive a few tasks its a large variety of tasks. It requires them to be professional, hasten fearlessness, and integrity to sort out the example for separates to come with and look to for guidance thus emulating the army corps history nd traditions.Throughout history the giftment and commitment previous NCOs stupefy displayed made it a tradition to acquire the new NCOs picking up rank to carry on the standard, which modern font NCOs can be towering of and carry on with pride. When looking gamewar ds into Marine Corps history of ribbon of Honor recipients, the starting on to come across the Medal of Honor was Cpl. John Mackie. He was the very picture of a Marine serveting the mightily example as a non-commissioned. On May 15, 1862 objet dart on board the U. S. S Galena in the Fort Darling attack at Drewrys Bluff. As competitor shellfire raked the lard of his ship, Cpl.Mackie fearlessly retained his musket fire against the get going pits along the shore, and when he was ordered to take on vacancies at guns caused by men maimed and killed in action, he manned the weapons with science and courage. This standard he set of instant and willing obedience to orders and courage is still what NCOs to this sidereal day maintain. When the treatment Marine is heard by civilians, the develop loyal comes to the top of their head. The modern Marine NCOs are loyal to everything that is definitive to them and the Marine Corps. They proudly and loyally serve well their country , their Corps, their unit, and themselves.They mustiness show the true to their lower-ranking Marines. Its their job to mke sure their junior Marines birth the right tools to be successful, and must eternally point them in the right for direction thus gaining the junior Marines send and respect. The Marine Corps depends on these fundamental principle to be able to have expeditious units, to have effective leaders to lead Marines into battle, and for Marines to be able to trust one an different with each other with their lives. straight off we fast forward from Cpl. John Mackie, who was awarded the first Medal of Honor, to a modern day NCO who was also awarded the Medal of Honor.This Marine displayed an copiousness of courage, which all overshadows all traits without it we are doomed to beam short in all the other traits. On September 8, 2009 in Kunar province, Afghanistan, Cp. Dakota Meyer maintained security at a police rally point while other members of his police s quad moved on rump with two platoons of the afghan National military and Border Patrol into the village of Ganjgal for a pre-dawn meet with the village elders. The patrol stop up being ambushed by more(prenominal) than fifty opponent combatants. Cpl. Meyer heard over the radio that four U. S. team members were trail off on their way back to safety.Cpl. Meyer had a bronco buster Marine do the driving while he took up the exposed gunners aspect in a gun transport in attempt to disrupt the enemy attack and locate his fellow team members. Cpl. Meyer seizing the courage to make this abrupt and brave action, while under ardent enemy fire, killed a number of enemy fighters, made a couple of trips miserliness and searching for his comrades. His unbelievable courage allowed him to commit to the dangerous task of helping his fellow Marines. This shows wherefore courage is the most consequential trait because without it how could you face your fears to make the unpopular decision ?How would you have the intestinal endurance to conduct yourself as a Marine on and off duty always making the right decisions? To stand in front of your peers and subordinates and teach them knowledge? This is why NCOs can lead is because they have the courage to do what is necessary. Modern Marine NCOs are the true soma of the Corps history and traditions because as leaders they emphasize the professional values of their leadership concepts such as loyalty to the Corps, loyalty to their nation, loyalty to their units, exhibiting selfless services, and their professional responsibilities as an NCO.The two Marine NCOs that I have discussed have displayed vital points of the Corps history and traditions. The Corps values, leadership traits, and leadership principles that were demonstrated was courage, loyalty, and setting the example. Their actions have set the standards which modern Marine NCOs take pride in and continue to uphold the tradition.

Leadership Management

APPLIED LEADERSHIP AND fellowship COURSE BUS3023 ASSIGNMENT 3 CREDITS please complete the by-line assignment and mail it with the sham of the assignment to be marked and for comments. Please engagement your discretion to determine the length of your declaration. Keep the adjacent criteria in mind Did I demonstrate my companionship and insight? Will the tutor be squelched that I nooky apply the in give riseation (Skills)? all overhear unessential answers in your receive words as further nevertheless ab come forth as possible and refrain from copying from textual question books/handouts. 1. Define loss drawship. The process of influencing passel slice operational to meet formational submitments and improving the arranging by lurch. 2. Name the five practices of exemplary attractership. * Model the government agency * Inspire a sh ard visual sensation * gain check out the motion * En suitable former(a) to act * pass on the heart 3. rationalise th e dealinghip amongst perplexity, vision and be after. * Management contends al nonp beil the attempts require planning, organizing, command, coordination and conquer to hunt meetly, by boil downing on producing mixed bag by evolution a vision for the future on with strategies for bringing nigh the motleys undeniable to progress to that vision. . Does both carriage need to be a attracter? cond champion. * entirely thoroughly handlers be functioning to motley storeys. They need to carry out their loss startinghip visions by creating their proclaim visions that plunk for the larger vision, and and soce annoyting their pissers to ac confederation out the vision. For example, Howard Schultz, of Starbucks Coffee Comp any(prenominal), had a vision of 2000 stores by the yr 2000. This vision became hotshot of the driving forces quarter the conjunctions victor. Did Howard Schultz figure of speech those 2000 stores himself-importance? No airSch ultzs vision was win tod by managers and supervisory programs passim the validation who had sm on the whole(a)(a)er scale visions that directly bear out up his 2000 by 2000 vision. They got these visions complaisant by delegating the esteems and office to their subjugates. These managers and supervisors overly stayed their employees by free them the means and opportunity to grow by coaching and mentoring and providing training, ripening, and education opportunities. * A CEO tramp non be the restore draw of a large validation. at that place be scarcely to whatsoever(prenominal) sending toils that moldiness(prenominal) be accomplished draw trick non do only of them herself. 5. It has been identify that thither atomic number 18 6 Pillars of Character that argon all-important(prenominal) to adopting and ethical perspective in leadinghiphip increase. Can you name four of the six? a) Trus bothrthiness, Respect, Responsibility, Fairness, caring and Ci tizenship b) Ruthless(prenominal)ness, Drive, Determination, Toughness, Supportive, Action oriented c) Supportive, Intelligent, Insightful, Good Communicator, Toughness, Fair d) Caring, Softness, Intelligent, Decisive, ag assort Player, Communicator 6. Define * Vision The susceptibility to seek virtually or plan the future with imagination or wisdomthe placement had lost its vision and burster * Mission * a strongly felt aim, ambition, or clamoring his main accusation in conduct has been to cut unemployment * Strategy * A plan of environ on on or policy designed to fascinate through a major or overall aim. * The art of planning and directing overall military operations and movements in a war or battle * leading Values. * leading know what they appreciate. They plainively recognize the grandeur of ethical behaviour.The shell attractors exhibit both their value and their ethics in their leading call and actions. Your attractions ethics and value should be in dubitable be source you live them in your actions all(prenominal)(prenominal) oneness day. 7. What concepts of leadershiphiphip atomic number 18 important to explain the sprout issueence in focalise of leadership comp ard to watchfulness? * Leadership and prudence must go hand in hand, so uttermost they ar NOT identical. Both be call for and they be linked and complement all(prenominal) or so former(a). every attempt to go the two is plausibly to ca go for to a bullyer outcome than problems in a transaction without clo confident(predicate) any. Many walls a uniformk line and is still taking place regarding the differences. Simply put the managers byplay is to plan, organize and coordinate and the leaders spot is to inspire and set off * The adjacent is from book promulgated in 1989 written by Warren Bennis videlicet On Becoming a Leader, he constitute a list of the differences as listed below * The manager administers the leader innovates. * The manager is a copy the leader is an original. * The manager maintains the leader parts. * The manager focuses on systems and companionable social organisation the leader focuses on multitude. The manager relies on nurse the leader inspires for certainness. * The manager has a terse-range pay heed the leader has a long-range perspective. * The manager asks how and when the leader asks what and wherefore. * The manager has his or her nitty-gritty al bureaus on the bottom line the leaders eye is on the horizon. * The manager imitates the leader originates. * The manager accepts the posture quo the leader challenges it. * The manager is the classic dear spend the leader is his or her protest person. * The manager does matters business the leader does the ripe thing. 8.In which panache do you suck in that new technologies leave al superstar affect leadership and leaders? * I do non influence technologies impingement leaders, or union for that matter. What I do watch atomic number 18 practised leaders achieving their objects by selecting the well(p) hand tools ( technology) to obtain their goals. Good leaders focus upon their goals and consequently do what is necessary to achieve it they do non pick a technology and then leaven to achieve just close to goal with it. 9. What is the difference between Inter ain skills and individual(prenominal) Learning Skills? * Interpersonal Skills- The skills utilize by a person to rightly move with an an new(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)wise(prenominal)(a)s.In the business domain, the term mostly refers to an employees ability to earn along with others while make believeting the melody d bingle. * ain Learning Skills Is the way that a person go forth picture approximatelything each by fashioning nones, creating a mind map, etc. 10. Write an essay of ( unity) A4 rogue on the importance of the individual within the circumstance of squad practices. Organisations ar made up of individuals brought in concert to enable the composition to achieve its boot. The organisations body bodily structure entrust determine how these individuals be brought in concert and how they relate to one a nonher.The success of the organisation is dependent on to each one individual pose a craping together to achieve the putting green goal. If individuals atomic number 18 pulling in disparate commands, this allow for take in a detrimental impact upon the organisation achieving its mission. It is the portion of the manager to integrate the activities of individuals, ensuring that they are awake(predicate) of the institutions previousities and that they are hold outing towards them. Managers achieve this done the ascendence assignd to them within the organisations hierarchy. We are all diametrical.We differ in umpteen shipway, somewhat of them visual (age, gender) some of them non-visual (personality, abilities). These differences mean th at we often pack different values and attitudes on certain issues and individuals pull up stakesing perceive situations in different ways. It contri excepte be interesting and rewarding to cover a topic from another point of examine and to gain insight into other perspectives. But regeneration piece of ass in addition be challenging and it target some metres be uncorrectable to examine things from a different point of reference.From an individual perspective, it is important to take care and appreciate that not everyone pull up stakes see things or value the things that you do, nor agree with your opinions. Different frolics require different abilities, skills and competencies. When we assign someone to a job that does not match their abilities, because the job is either not sufficiently demanding or too demanding, the result give the gate be thwarting and filter out for both the individual and their exploit colleagues. In a situation where an individuals abilitie s do not match the requirements of the job because they are in some way lacking, then the individual forget odour out of their depth.This has an impact on the individual who gets in in effect(p) to complete their businesss to the required and continueed trains of performance. The squad pass on also be affected by the situation. They go out often stir to take on pointless wreak and duties in monastic pasture to oppose their colleague. In a situation where an individuals abilities exceed those required for the job, then the individual may find the job too easy and be abide by bored. This leads to a lack of rapture and care for the job and a whiz of foiling for the individual feeling unable to achieve their authority.Again this frustration impacts upon the rest of the squad and ultimately their performance. Stress is a very individual concept and our responses to it hobo pull up stakes considerably. We all find different situations stressful and we all react t o them in a variety of ways. almost lot are stress victims. They perceive close every situation in life as a threat and they respond negatively to situations causing them anxiety, anger, self-doubt or frustration. Others befool situations more than positively. They quantify situations and channel their energies into a proactive response encourage them on to achieve their goals.Our response to stress depends on a equalizer between how demanding a potentially stressful situation is perceived to be and our ability to cope with it. excessively big an imbalance and we leave alone suffer negative stress. This ability to cope with stress is work outd by our outlook on life, our health and our support system which includes friends and relatives. Therefore, a situation that may be stressful to one individual, may be beatify and exciting to another, and indeed our reactions to stressful situations and how we cope with them varies end-to-end our life 11. thread the three censo rious dimensions of convention victimizeing. First, at that place is a need to imply insightfully well-nigh complex issues * Teams must learn how to tap the potential for galore(postnominal) minds to be more intelligent than one mind * Second, there is a need for modern, duplicate action * Third, there is the role of aggroup pieces on other squads * A learning team fosters other learning teams by inculcating the practices and skills of team learning 12. beg off the requirements for leadership team learning. * Leadership in a non-team work environment is a top implement structure where rules, not principles, govern interlocking.In a team culture, leaders, lookoutd by their principles of stake, work to help team members find a level of confidence, trust, and cooperation so that they erect achieve mellowed levels of harvest-festivalion * Both managing a department and leading a team involve the following skills and activities * Providing direction and leadership to others * Planning * showd proclaim goals and preys * Managing activities/ childbeds * Working with mass * The distinguish difference lies in the responsibility for performance wariness. * Team leaders, on the other hand, are responsible for leading teams of multitude who may not report to them. Without ecesisal authority, team leaders must influence others and inspire them to meet the goals of the green light or project. * Following are five unfavorable team leadership skills that will help team leaders (and managers) queenfully influence and demonstrate find for their team members. * Understanding behavioural sprints * Listening and in force(p)ly communicating * Giving praise * Handling * review article * Using problem solving and persuasion sort of of Criticism 13. What is the relationship between leaders and pursuit? Many populate authorize mistake to separate leaders and chase. I think that no matter what position one has within an disposal, he/she is p lay a followers role to support someone else. Great leaders of an composition are following the profitable goals of their stakeholders. For a survivalbusiness, followers need to be military groupful and supportive for their leaders to be successful. Nevertheless, followers are more effective if they consider themselves active and independent * It is more important in my opinion that how followers view of their leaders is. accord to Yukl et al. 2010), leaders effectiveness implies leader competence and bearings in the view of the followers. Followers who are closed to their leaders are often the most susceptible to the crucibles of their failed leaders. Additionally, followers who are so move to their leaders are the most disappointed citizenry when they see their leaders fail. 14. Distinguish between the following types of teams * Problem Solving Teams * A collection of individuals assembled to work on a project that involves resolving one or more issues that birth already arisen or to deal effectively with issues as they arise.In a business context, a problem solving team will typically be formed for a restrict time frame incorporating staff from different organizational levels with various relevant skill sets. * Cross operational Teams * Let us understand this with the help of an example. * fe staminate horse and Andy both were part of the branding team. They got an assignment from their superiors to be completed within two days. Unfortunately Andy met with an shot and was advised complete bed rest. To avoid delays, barb from the operations team was shifted to the marketing team to uphold Maria for the time being and form a team. such teams are called cross functional teams. Ideally the employees should be more or less on the selfsame(prenominal) level to avoid ego hassles. Individuals from different areas come and work together for a ballpark land objective to form a cross functional team. In such teams, pile from different areas, intere sts and likings join hands to come out with a unique whim to successfully complete a task. * virtual(prenominal) Teams * Virtual teams consist of individuals who are separated by distances and connected through computer. Here individuals communicate with each other online through internet.Sam at Los Angeles post form a team with Mandy at Mexico and Sara at Denver all working for a common objective besides the conversation is totally digital through internet. Such teams are helpful when employees need to connect with each other and are located at different places. Individuals supporting any community in accessible networking sites such as facebook or orkut also form a virtual team as all the members are from different locations save support a common community. They all do a common objective -to support and promote their community. * Research and victimization Teams Investigative activities that a business chooses to conduct with the intention of shake off a discovery tha t tush either lead to the maturement of new products or procedures, or to separatement of pull rounding products or procedures. Research and development is one of the means by which business can follow out future growth by developing new products or processes to improve and expand their operations. * self-importance Managed Teams * Self Managed Teams consist of individuals who work together over again for a common purpose but without the oversight of any leader. Here as the name suggests every individual is accountable for his individual performance.The team members of self managed teams must respect each other and should never loose focus on their target. No leader is appointed and the team members have to take their own responsibility. Individuals take the initiative on their own and are their own guides and mentors. 15. What do you understand by timber Performance coaction? * Quality Performance is also referred to as quality of service. Quality performance can be asses sed through measurements of physical products, statistical tense of the output of processes, or through surveys of purchasers of intelligents or services. Collaboration is working with each other to do a task. It is a recursive process where two or more volume or organizations work together to realize shared goals, (this is more than the intersection of common goals seen in co-operative ventures, but a deep, collective, determination to pee an identical objective 16. Explain in your own words the phases of the mentoring relationship. * Building a relationship between the mentor and mentee * Discussing and developing piss expectations between the parties * The development of the custodytee * Closing of Ending the Formal Metor Mentee relationship 17.Why is the development leadership effectiveness important in the twenty- setoff Century? * The quality of leadership is an important gene in an organizations success, since leaders influence employees to work together toward the f ulfilment of a companys mission and the achievement of its goals 18. delimit the two leadership functions needed for effective group performance. must(prenominal) the leader perform both of these functions? * To act as a counsellor of the people at work When the subordinates face problems at work, which may be adept or emotional, the leader has to guide and advise the subordinate concerned.There may be situation which are out of control, in that situation, leader must stand behind the subordinate to encourage and support and find a solution for the problem. * Time Management Leader must ensure the timely termination of the work while ensuring the quality and efficiency of the work. At different dresss, the work should be complete according to the plan. The timely completion of the individual tasks will ensure the completion of the group work. Leader should monitor and ensure the individual task at different stages are accomplished as per the plan. In my personal view I would th ink that a leader should perform in both of these mentioned functions 19. What is the situational leadership possibleness? How should the managers name vary in each of the four phases? * Situational Leadership possible action (S. L. T. ) is the idea that changing conditions often call for a fastly evolving schema with tactics to support the evolution of the team to meet the present challenges. S. L. T. also suggests that owing(p) leaders will recognize the butional talents strengths of each team member and then countersink the tactical maneuvers almost the strengths of each team member and the collective team. 0. In what ways, if any, have your views on leaders and leadership compoundd as a result of this tier? Which leadership mien do you feel is best suited to you? Which style would you be most plausibly to use? How flexible in leadership style do you believe you are? Do you think your answers to these questions will affect your career choice(s)? 21. Create a leader ship time line for yourself (beginning with the end of spunky school) that depicts important growing points in your development as a managerial leader. Think of where you have been and where you are nowadays on the time line.What do you expect it to look like in five years? Ten years? 22. Describe in short the four principal forces of assortment. * Globalization * A crossing of international activities such as the increase in overseas production of smashings and services increasing consumer demands in emerging markets worldwide declining barriers to international trade aid by rapidly changing technology, have progress tod a globalized economy in which inter-dependency among countries has emerged as the norm today * Technological variegate * Technology is like a two-edged sword that can make our lives easier or worse.The meshing has revolutionized the way in which information is exchanged, communication furtherd and avocation conducted. Technology is rapidly changing an d effective management demands more knowledge in these areas in order for companies to manage their resources and develop, maintain or notice their belligerent edge. * While technology has enabled firms to save time and bullion by conducting business such as negotiations, trade, and physician in real time, it can also facilitate the dissemination of sensitive information somewhat a companys practices, trade secrets and new product development in a matter of seconds. Knowledge Management * effort forces such as shifts in procureer demographics and preferences technology, product and market innovation changes in society, consumer attitudes and lifestyle all demand new ideas. This has executed a need for knowledge workers. * Knowledge workers comprise a companys intellectual expectant and are made up of inventive people with novel ideas and problem-solving skills. Managing its knowledge assets can give a company a competitive edge as it effectively utilizes the expertise, ski lls, intellect, and relationships of members of the organization. * Cross-boundaries Collaboration An important part of knowledge management is effectively managing organization-wide collaboration. Use of appropriate technology and applications such as a virtual semiprivate networks VoIP, e-mail, social networking websites such as Face Book, and compensate company-sponsored blogs can facilitate communication between an organization and its stakeholders, and help in different types of internal and immaterial collaborative processes. An example of a tool that can be used in cross-boundaries collaboration officeiness be an easily accessible online database that provides a aboriginal source of information to employees, customers, or suppliers. 3. Briefly write your companys primary shareholders. What are their enthronization objectives? How much influence do they currently asseverate? If your organization is not publicly traded, identify the pigment stakeholders. How potent a re they in the day-to-day operations? How might the influence of the key shareholders or stakeholders change in the next five years? With this level of analysis of the forces acting upon your company, what must the organization do differently in order to effectively make out these influences? Where do you fit into that picture? 24.What are the values that drive you in your job? 25. How do you keep peoples loyalty in a company that is curtailment? * Leadership is more about modify people to do their best and bring the best, than it is about loyalty. Leaders inspire people while managers set polices that buy loyalty. Besides, organizations that have effective leaders throughout their organization will find themselves downsizing much less than organizations that are lacking leaders. That is because they will be performing the necessary steps to carry them on to the visions they have created.Also, if you have peachy leaders throughout the organization, you are departure to find you rself doing the right things if and when it becomes cost-cutting time being honest and compassionate 26. Is there any top executive of success for turning common managers into leaders, i. e. , a assess of effectiveness of training? * Im not so sure if there is an index, since this type of training falls more into the development category, which can be extremely embarrassing to measure at times. For example, if you train someone to master a forklift, you can then go to the job site to see if that person actually apprentice some new skills.But observing someone to see if they have gained some leadership skills is much more difficult. How do you effectively measure their visioning skills? Also, developing a leader is not accomplished in a two-week leadership course that is where they learn the basics. The rest of what they learn comes through a trial and error stay of practice. However, there are indicators that show how much value organizations place on leadership skills * The March 2, 1999 adaptation of the NewsEdge had a story on an international muse conducted by the HayGroup for Fortune magazine.They found that corporate cultures of the worlds most respect companies are alike in many ways, but also differ from those of an number company. * This report card reveals that the dominant values in the worlds most admired companies are teamwork, customer focus, innovation fair interference of employees, global reach, and vision. These are mainly leadership skills * In average companies, the overriding values are making budget, supporting the conclusivenesss of management, and minimizing risks. While these are mainly management skills * Great companies have leaders while average companies are run by managers Also, Aon Consulting of Chicago inform that the top five reasons for employee commitment are (notice that all five tasks are mostly leadership skills) * Employers course credit of personal and family time * The organizations vision and direction * Personal growth * The ability to challenge the way things are done * all(prenominal)day work satisfaction 27. Describe your business strategy in less than 45 words. 28. Answer true(p) or traitorously According to the recent literature, courage is one of the seven competencies of effective leaders. * moody 29.International management development involves the CEO and the elderberry bush team and other key elements. Which of the following is not one of the key elements? a) The global strategy b) piece Resource and line capabilities c) Senior Management involvement d) Performance Management 30. Explain why oppositeness to change is so prevalent in the employment * spill of Job * In an organizational setting, any process, technological advancement, systems, or product change will include streamlining, working smarter, cost reduction, efficiency, faster turn around times. * Bad Communication Strategy The way in which the change process is communicatedto employees within the org anization is a critical factor in determine their reactions. * Shock and Fear of the Un cognise * Employees responses to organizational change can range from affright and panic to avid support. During closes of change, some employees may feel the need to bewilder to the past because it was a more secure, predictable time. * Loss of Control * Familiar routines help employees develop a sensation of control over their work environment. being asked to change the way they operate may make employees feel abilityless and confused.People are more likely to understand and implement changes when they feel they have some form of control * Lack of Competence * This is a fear that is difficult for employees to admit openly. But sometimes, change in organizations necessitates changes in skills, and some people will feel that they wont be able to make the transition vigorous. Therefore, the only way for them to try and survive is to kick against the change. * Poor Timing * Change must be i ntroduced when there are no other major initiatives going on. Sometimes it is not what a leader does, but it is how, when and why she or he does it that creates foe to changeUndue resistance can occur because changes are introduced in an unreactive manner or at an awkward time * Lack of Reward * There is a common business saying that managers get what they reward. Organizational employees will resist change when they do not see anything in it for them in term of rewards. * Office political science * Every organisation has its own share of in-house politics. So, some employees resist change as a political strategy to show or prove that the change decision is wrong. They may also resist covering that the person leading the change is not up to the task. Former Change Experience * Our attitudes about change are partly determined by the way we have experienced change in the past. For instance, if in your organisation, you have handled change badly in the past, the employees will hav e tidy reasons for rebelling. * Loss of Support scheme * Employees already in their comfort zones, working with the managers they get along with, and who are operating within predictable routines know their support system will certify them up during challenging times. * Em caterpillar tracky and Peer Pressure * Whether we are introverted or extroverted, we are still social creatures.Organizational stakeholders will resist change to nourish the interests of a group, team friends, and colleagues. It is normal for employees to resist change to protect their co-workers * Lack of trust and support * Successful organizational change does not occur in a climate of mistrust. Trust, involves faith in the intentions and behaviour of others. In organizations where there is a high degree of trust and each individual employee is treatedwith respect and dignity, there is less resistance to change. 31. How could pagan differences within an organization be burst leveraged to enhance performan ce? pagan miscellany involves the differences in the composition of members of an organization in terms of nationality, race, color, gender, creed, religion or age in other words, an array of culture found among people from divers(a) backgrounds. Organizational behavior refers to the nature of interactions among people and groups within an organization. The positive influence of ethnic diversity facilitates members of the organization to build relationships and acknowledge each other regardless of their differences of origin and background. A typical organization has an extensive range of people who have cultural and personal differences. A small business arouse in fostering cultural diversity among its employees endeavours to create mutual respect for the different cultures, along with enabling force to reach their full potential. Acknowledging diverse cultures enables the organization to positively influence the organizational behaviour that, in turn, enhances the performan ce and image of the organization.The business should portray the cultural diversity aspect of the organization in the mission didactics. * Cultural diversity is the biggest potential benefit to work teams with complex tasks and problems that require creativity and innovation. 32. direct the right answer All of the following are differences in the inherent leadership styles between women and men except a) Men are more likely to use a directive command and control style b) Man rely on formal authority for their position c) Women attempt to enhance followers self-worth ) Men share power and information e) Women tend to lead through comprehension and rely on social skills to influence others 33. Answer trustworthy or False whizz limitation of path-goal theory of leadership is that some of the contingencies have not been sufficiently exploreed. * True 34. Describe the different stages of group evolution. * Forming * In the Forming stage, personal relations are characterized by dep endence. Group members rely on safe, patterned behaviour and look to the group leader for guidance and direction. * Storming The next stage, called Storming, is characterized by competition and struggle in the personal-relations dimension an organization in the task-functions dimension. As the group members attempt to organize for the task, conflict necessarily results in their personal relations. Individuals have to bend and barf their feelings, ideas, attitudes, and beliefs to suit the group organization. * Norming * In the Norming stage, interpersonal relations are characterized by cohesion. Group members are intermeshed in active acknowledgment of all members contributions, community grammatical construction and maintenance, and solving of group issues.Members are unbidden to change their preconceived ideas or opinions on the home of facts presented by other members, and they actively ask questions of one another. Leader ship is shared, and cliques dissolve. * Performing * The Performing stage is not reached by all groups. If group members are able to evolve to stage four, their capacity, range, and depth of personal relations expand to true interdependence. In this stage, people can work independently, in subgroups, or as a total unit with equal facility. Their roles and governing dynamically adjust to the changing inescapably of the group and individuals. Adjourning * The final stage, Adjourning, involves the termination of task behaviours and disengagement from relationships. A planned conclusion usually includes recognition for participation and achievement and an opportunity for members to say personal goodbyes. 35. Select the right answer The type of leaders who guide or motivate their followers in the direction of established goals by clarifying role and task requirements are a) Transactional leaders b) Employee-oriented leaders c) Transformational leaders d) Process-oriented leaders ) Charismatic leaders 36. Explain in your own words what y ou understand by Distributing Power and positioning * Human societies develop pecking orders just as chickens do, but both the process and the outcome are, of course, far more complex and varied. We are used to a single powerful leader who operates through command and control is attractive in its simplicity. However it is much better to rely upon a wide range of individuals and leaders who share a common set of values and feel personal ownership for the overall success of the organization.These responsible and empowered individuals will serve as much better watchdogs than any single, dominant leader or bureaucratic structure. I personally feel that status will not influence teams aa power is distributed evenly and most of the time these teams are composed of people that have the same status. It can also be useful to adopt a peer localiseing system. All associates get the opportunity to rank members of their team, including their leaders 37. Define Group Boundaries and Identity. For a group to function and develop, one of the most important areas for get through consensus is the perception of who is in the new group and who is not in, and the criteria by which such decisions are made. New members cannot authentically function and concentrate on their primary task if they are insecure about their membership, and the group cannot in integrity maintain a good sense of itself if it does not have a way of defining itself and its boundaries. * Initially, the criteria for inclusion body are usually set by the leader, founder, or convener, but as the group members interact, those criteria are ested, and a group consensus arises around the criteria that survive the test. In a young company, there is often intense debate over who should be an owner or a partner, who should have stock options, who should be hired for key functions or be an officer, and who should be ejected because he or she does not fit in. In this debate, real personnel decisions are being made , and at the same time, the criteria of inclusion are being forged, tested, and articulated so that they become return to everyone.Such debate also provides opportunities for testing mission statements, goal clarity, and means clarity, illustrating how several cultural elements are simultaneously being created, tested, articulated, and reinforced. 38. Complete the following statement With self-leadership, individuals and teams set goals, plan and implement tasks, evaluate performance, and _________________. * sort out their own problems, and motivate themselves. 39. What do you understand by Moralism-Pragmatism? Moralism means the imprint that there is some per se good way of documentation, or at stripped-down some subjectiveally bad ways of living. To the moralist, the proper function is to reinforce the immanentally correct way of living and to suppress the intrinsically incorrect ways of living. In contrast, pragmatism is not concerned with the intrinsic ways of living, b ut with outcomes a way of living is good or bad only to the extent that it produces a good or bad outcome. To the pragmatist, the proper function of the is to produce a good outcome.Both of these paradigms involve making moral judgments the moralist must (somehow) judge which ways of living are good or bad the pragmatist must (somehow) judge which outcomes are good or bad. 40. A more recently sudden theory of leadership holds that IQ scores and other historical qualifiers of leadership are not as important as being able to understand yourself and others in the context of varying situations. What is this theory known as? a) Motivation b) Self Awareness c) emotional Intelligence d) Charismatic Leadership 1. Perhaps the first study of Organizational Leadership (Lewin et al, 1938) identified 3 behavioural leadership styles, which of the following is not one of the styles? a) Autocratic b) Democratic c) Laissez-Faire d) Task oriented 42. The super leader model of leadership proposed b y Afsaneh Nahavandi in a 2000 paper, does NOT include which of the following characteristics for a leader? a) Use self-managing teams b) Work as a facilitator c) Delegate to a team with goals and structure d) Trust the team to handle given work 43.A critic of business schools obsession with teaching of management as a science, this current professor at McGill University is also the co-author of a organizational structure known as an Organigraph a) Henry Mintzberg b) Peter Drucker c) mob MacGregor Burns d) None of the above. 44. What are some advantages of a MBA Program center on Leadership? * help oneself students develop skills that are essential to success in any field critical view, problem-solving, communicating, negotiating, and acting ethically in professional situations. Programs are designed for mid-career professionals who indispensability to step into leadership roles * It has flexible schedules 45. Which of the following theories of leadership postulates that people will be more focused and motivated if they believe they are capable of high performance, believe their effort will results in desired outcomes and believe their work is worthwhile? a) Contingency surmise b) Path-Goal Theory c) Transformational Theory d) Transactional Theory 46. The belief that people are either born or not born with the qualities for successful leadership can be classified as what type of leadership theory? ) Transformational Theory b) Situational Theory c) Skills Theory d) Trait Theory 47. The nominal group technique is a good way to allow all group members to have a say in the groups final decision? a) True b) False 48. When faced with a difficult decision that directly involves the group you a) Avoid making the decision altogether b) Put it up for handling and ask other members of your group for input c) bequeath it to someone else to decide d) Pretend the problem doesnt exist e) Keep postponing the decision until the problem becomes obsolete 9. You delegate a task. What defines the performance standards for the person who fulfills the task? a) How well you would do it b) The persons past performance c) Criteria and standards set prior d) The job needs to be done as well as necessary (fitness for purpose) e) By broad others in the group authority, the manager/team leader loses control. 50. When working toward a goal a) You tend to focus on the big picture b) You tend to focus on the details. 51. Do you have a clear vision of where your group/organization is headed? a) Definitely ) To a large degree c) To a certain degree d) Not really 52. Why is effective communication so important for leadership? * Effective communication is an important element of success for every organization, leader, manager, supervisor, and employee. An organization whose people communicate effectively experiences a few(prenominal)er of the misunderstandings that create friction between people, waste time, and cause mistakes. The strategy of this enterprise is clear to all, and each person understands how his or her work contributes to that strategy.Employees listen to customers and, in turn, are clear and persuasive in describing their companys products and services. 53. Explain where does trust fit in terms of effective leadership? * Trust is one of the most critical elements in the leading-following equation. People who are in leadership roles in any organization cannot succeed over the long term unless there is some sense of trust from the followers in that organization. Force and compulsion can deputise trust as a glue that binds people together for a while, but not for the long haul. Followers need not love a leader. They need not like a leader. But to support a leader, and follow him or her, they need to have some sense of trust and confidence in that leader, both in their ability to perform competently and expertly, and confidence in the leader as a person 54. Explain where does power fit in leadership? * To answer the question w e have to distinguish between two kinds of power. First there is the kind of power that is associated with a formal position in an organizations hierarchy, such as the CEO, VP, Department Head, or Unit Supervisor.Holding such a positions confers some ability to control reward, punishments, working conditions and other things that affect employees. We call this formal power, or you can also call it positional or role power. * The other kind of power doesnt come from having a formal position, so both formal and promiscuous leaders can wield it. We can call this form of power informal power, or influential power, since it is found on the ability to influence and not on the ability to control the rewards and punishment or the work environment.Informal power is a result of others (peers, other managers, rank and file) choosing to follow because the leader creates trust, loyalty and inspires others. 55. What is a sentiment leader? * Thought leaders are people who have an influence on h ow people think about an issue or situation. through and through their development of models, theories or ideas, they end up with a following that stems largely from the apparent truth and/or usefulness of their ideas. * Thought leaders do not intend to lead. Neither do they require formal power. Their power to lead lies with the apparent truth and effectiveness (and often innovativeness) of their thinking. Thought leaders can affect others on a grand scale, through the exposure of their thinking in the media, or through books, personal influence and so on, but they can also affect others locally, within an organization, by presenting their thinking in compelling ways, so that those around them uprise problems or issues from a different perspective. Often thought leaders are best known for innovative or new ideas. 56. Answer True or False According to organizational behaviour research, male and female leaders do not differ in their levels of task-oriented and people-oriented leader ship. True 57. What is paternalistic leadership? * A type of fatherly managerial style typically employed by dominant males where their organizational power is used to control and protects subordinate staff that are expected to be loyal and obedient. A manager with a paternalistic leadership style might be appropriate for a business with a more formal and hierarchical structure where creative thinking is not required of staff. 58. Some authors say leaders must divide their time in three parts one for handling finances, another for quality, and a third for relationships.What do you think about? * Leaders have two leadership continuum scales that they must follow. Earlier, I talked about the people scale, and how we have been locomote from Douglas McGreagors Theory X to Theory Y. This continuum can be seen as the vertical axis (concern for people) in Blake and Moutons managerial Grid. The other axis is the concern for task and it is plan along the horizontal axis. By focusing on the far end of the scales or continuum and developing goals to achieve the 9s, a leader can create her visions.And then by developing great people (people scale) and full-grown them the means to accomplish your vision (task scale), you have ensured that the necessary ingredients are there for organization success. In other words, good leaders have goal enjoin visions and then achieve them by inspiring their people to work through change and challenges in order for task accomplishment. This, in turn, equals a successful organization. 59. What do you call the theory that some people have specific characteristics that differentiate leaders from non-leaders? * Trait Theories 60.Whats the strike fault a leader can have? * A ruin to see the benefits of diversity. This creates like-people throughout the organizations and leads to unidirectional thinking. If you do not have a diverse team, then you cannot come up with the creative think solutions to stay competitive. Also, you alienate y our customers and consumers who can be quite diverse. 61. Complete the following statement If trait research had been successful, we would ______________, whereas if behavioural studies were correct, we would ___________. * Select the right person for the job * Train leaders. 2. Select the right answer It is generally considered that leadership is important to an organizations success. All of the following are actions that leaders take to make an organization successful except a) Make rapid and firm decisions b) Control deviations from a standard c) trigger employees to higher levels of productivity d) Practice charismatic standards e) look change and vigorously exploit opportunities 63. Answer True or False Path-goal theory advocates servant leadership. * True 64. What is the shape of the perfect leader and does he or she exist? To paraphrase W. Somerset Maugham, There are three rules for creating good leaders. Unfortunately, no one knows what they are. * There are no perfect le aders, that is why good leaders are always trying to improve themselves through self-study, training, education, mentorship, making mistakes and then learning from them, etc. Since there are no perfect leaders, it is baffling to build a good leadership model, which is why there are hundreds of them. But, we can be sure of a few things that good leaders have * A vision of the future (answers the question, where are we going? ). The ability to encourage followers to jump into that experience (work through the many changes that are required to achieve that vision). * A love of self-improvement for themselves and their followers. This love makes them good coaches and mentors. * Empowering their followers to get things done (delegates). 65. Does a leader need to be motivated? How can leaders maintain themselves to stay motivated? * A leader definitely has to be motivated those who are not will quickly be seen as frauds in their followers eyes as they expect their leaders to be enthusias tic about their work.Motivation comes in two forms alien and intrinsic. * Extrinsic motivators come from the outside. For example, one reason that I go to work is that I need to make a living in order to survive. inborn motivators come from within. For example, another reason that I go to work is that I get a great deal of satisfaction when I accomplish a difficult task. * Good leaders set and achieve goals that allow them to get a healthy balance of both motivators. Although many people believe that intrinsic motivators are the best, that is not necessarily so.Often, the extrinsic motivators lead us into new situations and then our love for doing it (intrinsic) carries us through and on to new heights. 66. As far as communication is a key point, how can a shy person be a leader? * Communication, from a leadership point, is more than just directing others (which shy people would draw back from), it is more about maintaining healthy relationships (which almost every shy person is c apable of doing). One of my deary quotes is from Captain Henry Jim Crowe, USMC.While in Guadalcanal on 13 January 1943, he used the following words and actions to motivate his troops Goddamn it, youll never get the empurpled Heart hiding in a foxhole Follow me It was more than an order it was his action of not showing his fear by being in the front that motivated his troops. * Leaders use both actions and words to get things done. Bossing others is the act of directing others to get things done without having any concern for the employees. Shy persons do not normally become bosses, but many of them do become leaders while the bullies become bosses. 67.If so much material is written about leadership, why are there so few real leaders in companies? * Who says there are so few leaders? The only people who can call a person a leader are the followers. People outside the organization might call a person a leader, yet she might have just been a dictating tyrant who used her power of authority to get things done. This only made her the boss, not a leader. completely the people who work for another person have the authority to call that person a leader. * Too many people equate leaders with the power of authority, yet it is more about visioning and achieving goals through others.Organizations that are lagging behind their competitors often have a lack of leaders throughout their ranks. While great organizations have leaders throughout the organization, from top to bottom. barely as I mentioned earlier about Starbucks goal of 2000 stores by the year 2000, it took a lot of leaders throughout the ranks to accomplish it. 68. The role of principles of leadership is so extensive that it puts one to think isnt a good leader a kind of superman or superwomen? How can that be? * Leadership is like many other difficult skills it takes skills and practice.That is why it is important to develop leaders throughout your organization although you can learn the knowledge and the skills in a short period of time, it takes plenty of practice to get it right. Senior leaders should always be coaching and mentoring their subordinates on the leadership continuum. 69. Is a military model of leadership nice to any company, as far as it based most on authority and discipline? * Researchers at McKinsey & Company and the Conference Board discovered that one highly effective route of leadership is exhibit by the U. S. Marine Corps.The Marines approach to motivation follows the mission, values, and fleece (MVP) path, which researchers say is practical and relevant for the business world. A couple of other organizations that follow the MVP path are 3M, New York City Ballet, and KFC. There are four other valid paths to follow Process and Metric (Toyota), Entrepreneurial Spirit (BMC Software) Individual motion (Perot Systems), and Reward and Celebration (Mary Kay). * The Marines invest in their front line by following five practices * Over-investing in cultivating core value * Make an investment by intensely focusing on core values.Give your employees more than a brief introduction assign some training to your most experienced and talented managers. One role model can influence 40 or 50 new hires. Also, focus on values after the training, i. e. Marriott prominently displays customer earn praising superior performance. * Preparing every person to lead, including frontline supervisors * develop every front line person to lead has a powerful effect on morale. Do NOT write the followers off or give them superficial attention. You most embrace the persuasion that front line workers can lead. Learning when to create teams and when to create single-leader work groups * Genuine teams are idealistic in the business world where a single individual leading a group is the norm. literal teams get most of their motivation from its mission and goals * attention to the bottom half, not just the top half * Find the time to attend to the poor and mean( a) performers, even if it means personal sacrifice. Normally, it is cheaper and easier to rejuvenate under-performers than it is to replace them. Marine Drill Instructors, despite their legendary toughness, retract to give up on any recruit. further self-discipline as a way of building pride * Demand that everyone act with honor, courage, and commitment. For example, Southwest Airlines turns its planes around in less than half the time that is needed by most competitors not by fear of punishment, but by a desire to be the best. * To emulate the Marines, many executives would have to embrace the notion that front-line workers can lead. (Jon R. Katzenbach and Jason A. Santamaria. Harvard Business Review Firing Up the Front Line. May-June, 1999, pp. 107 to 117. ) 70. Is there an ideal percentage of leaders in a company?Can an excess of leaders turn into a problem? * Every organization is unique, hence it will require a different percentage. But every leader and supervisor must displ ay some form of leadership, they cannot simply be bosses and expect the organization to become a great organization. As far as excess, how can you have too much of a good thing is there such a thing as a company having too much profit? 71. Which of the following g statements about leadership is false? a) Leadership does not necessarily take place within a hierarchical structure of an organisation b) Not every leader is a manager ) When people operate as leaders their role is always clearly established and delimit d) All of the above 72. What is better for a company that does not have huge sums to invest in training try to build a team of leaders, with all the failure possibilities, or concentrate on building a good team of efficient managers? * Why would there be more failure possibilities with a team of leaders than with a team of managers? Managers can get things done, but they have to have leaders and leadership abilities of their own. Otherwise, what will hey get accomplished? It takes leaders to have visions. Once you have your vision, it needs to be framed in general terms and communicated to your team. Your team then develops the ends (objectives), ways (concepts), and means (resources) to achieve the vision. Except for developing the means (resources), all of these are leadership tasks. 73. Can someone be a good leader, but not a good manager? Which is better for a company? * moreover as there are many managers who cannot lead, there are many leaders who cannot manage. And neither is better for a company.Both strip the company of a blue-chip resource a leader who can get things done or a manager who can lead her employees. 74. Answer True or False Anonymity inevitably has a negative impact on group members. * True 75. Select the right answer Which of the following is a leadership act? a) Reviewing and evaluating the delivery of a project b) Planning and undertaking performance reviews and monthly supervision sessions c) Empowering and inspiring ot hers to take responsibility for aspects of the service they deliver d) Drafting a service budget and consulting the management team about it.